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Clark Warburton (27 January 1896, near Buffalo, New York – 18 September 1979, Fairfax, Virginia) was an American economist. He was described as the "first monetarist of the post-World War II period,"〔Thomas F. Cargill, 1981. "A Tribute to Clark Warburton, 1896-1979: Note," ''Journal of Money, Credit and Banking'', 13(1), (p. 89. )〕 the most uncompromising upholder of a strictly monetary theory of business fluctuations,〔Thomas F. Cargill, 1979. "Clark Warburton and the Development of Monetarism since the Great Depression," ''History of Political Economy'', 11(3),(p. 425 )〕 and reviver of classic monetary-disequilibrium theory and the quantity theory of money.〔Michael D. Bordo and Anna J. Schwartz, 1979. "Clark Warburton: Pioneer Monetarist," ''Journal of Monetary Economics'', 5(1), pp. 43-65. Reprinted in Schwartz, 1987, ''Money in Historical Perspective'', ch. 9, pp. (247 )-(249 ), full article, pp. (234-254 ) and (426-27 ) ("References" section ) (press +.〕 ==Life and works== Warburton received bachelor's and master's degrees from Cornell University after military service overseas during World War I. From the 1920s to the early 1930s, he held teaching positions in India and the United States. He received a Ph.D. degree at Columbia University in 1932. There his interest had shifted from history to economics while attending lectures of Wesley C. Mitchell. His dissertation was published as ''The Economic Results of Prohibition.'' From 1932 to 1934, he worked at the Brookings Institution. In 1934 he joined the newly formed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. He subsequently became chief economist there, retiring from that position in 1965. He continued to publish research on substantive and historical monetary economics thereafter.〔L. Yeager, 1987. "Warburton, Clark," ''The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics'', v. 4, p. 874.〕 In the period from 1945, Warburton was a critic of Keynesian theory when the latter was "crowding out interest in money."〔 He made his case in a series of papers, most of them empirically oriented. He compiled and constructed quarterly data for the U.S. in the 1918-47 period, which showed that that deviations in the money supply and bank reserves from trend preceded in the same direction business-cycle turning points of successively final output sold, output, prices, and the velocity of money.〔• Clark Warburton, 1946. "The Misplaced Emphasis in Contemporary Business-Fluctuation Theory," ''Journal of Business'', 19(4) p (p. 199 )-220. • _____, 1948b. "Bank Reserves and Business Fluctuations," ''Journal of the American Statistical Association'', 43(244), p (p. 547 )-558. • _____, 1950d. "The Theory of Turning Points in Business Fluctuations," ''Quarterly Journal of Economics'', 64(4), p (p. 525 )-549.〕 He extended such results to 1965 some 20 years later.〔Clark Warburton, 1967. "Cyclical Fluctuations in the Stock of Money and in Effective Demand, 1919–1965," ''Southern Journal of Business'', 2, pp. 140-45.〕 In examining longer periods of time (decades) for 1799–1939 and annual data from 1909 to 1947, he found that velocity adjusted for trend and production capacity was relatively stable in peace time, despite extreme monetary volatility and that changes in the quantity of money were the "overwhelmingly dominant factor" responsible for changes in the price level, consistent with the quantity theory of money.〔• Clark Warburton, 1945c. "The Volume of Money and the Price Level between the World Wars," ''Journal of Political Economy'', 53(2), p (p. 150 )-163. • _____, 1949a. "The Secular Trend in Monetary Velocity," ''Quarterly Journal of Economics'', 63(1), p (p. 68 )-91.〕 These findings supported Warburton's contentions that: * instability of the money supply was a major source of business fluctuations, including the Great Depression, not merely an intensifying factor〔Clark Warburton, 1945a. "Monetary Theory, Full Production, and the Great Depression," ''Eonometrica'', 13(2), (p. 114 )-28.〕 * stability of monetary policy was key to macroeconomic stability.〔• Clark Warburton, 1962. "Monetary Disturbances and Business Fluctuations in Two Centuries of American History," in L. Yeager, ed., ''In Search of a Monetary Constitution'', pp. 91-92. Harvard University Press. • Michael D. Bordo and Anna J. Schwartz, 1979. "Clark Warburton: Pioneer Monetarist," ''Journal of Monetary Economics'', 5(1), pp. 43-65. Reprinted in Schwartz, 1987, ''Money in Historical Perspective'', ch. 9, pp. (234-254 ) and (426-27 ) ("References" section ) (press +.〕 In 1966, a collection of 19 of his papers was published.〔Clark Warburton, 1966. ''Depression, Inflation, and Monetary Policy; Selected Papers, 1945-1953'' Johns Hopkins Press.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Clark Warburton」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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